In an admittedly small study of the effects of probiotics after a course of antibiotics, the gut microbiome took longer to return to normal than in people who didn't take them.
What did help was autologous fecal microbiome transplantation (aFMT), but I'm fairly sure that would cost more, because of the work involved, and require some advance planning: it's not likely to be available to the person whose doctor says "you have pneumonia, I'm calling in an antibiotic prescription."
The lead researcher told the BBC that future probiotics would have to be tailored to individual patients.
What did help was autologous fecal microbiome transplantation (aFMT), but I'm fairly sure that would cost more, because of the work involved, and require some advance planning: it's not likely to be available to the person whose doctor says "you have pneumonia, I'm calling in an antibiotic prescription."
The lead researcher told the BBC that future probiotics would have to be tailored to individual patients.